Fatty liver, or hepatic steatosis, occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver. It is commonly classified into two types: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease, depending on alcohol consumption. NAFLD is the most prevalent form, often linked to obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol.
In its early stages, fatty liver may cause no noticeable symptoms. However, if left unmanaged, it can progress to more severe liver conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. Diagnosis is usually made through blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound, or liver biopsy.
Lifestyle changes are the primary treatment for fatty liver. Weight loss through a combination of healthy eating and regular physical activity is the most effective approach. A balanced diet low in saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and added sugars—such as the Mediterranean diet—can significantly reduce liver fat. Avoiding alcohol and managing underlying conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure are also essential.
There are currently no specific medications approved for NAFLD, so prevention and lifestyle management are key. Early detection and long-term lifestyle commitment can help reverse fatty liver and protect overall liver health.
